Biological degradation of cyclophosphamide and its occurrence in sewage water

被引:133
作者
StegerHartmann, T
Kummerer, K
Hartmann, A
机构
[1] INST ENVIRONM MED, D-79106 FREIBURG, GERMANY
[2] HOSP EPIDEMIOL, D-79106 FREIBURG, GERMANY
[3] ETH ZENTRUM, INST HYG & APPL PHYSIOL, ENVIRONM HYG GRP, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
关键词
D O I
10.1006/eesa.1996.1506
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The mutagenic and cancerogenic antineoplastic agent cyclophosphamide (CP) is released into sewage water by cancer patient excretion, To assess the biological degradability of CP two standardized test systems, the Zahn-Wellens/EMPA test (OECD 302B) and a laboratory scale sewage treatment plant, were used, In both test systems the agent exhibited only poor degradability, To verify the expected occurrence of CP in hospital sewage, water samples were analyzed for CP with GC/MS after enrichment by solid-phase extraction, CP could be detected in concentrations ranging from 20 ng/L to 4.5 mu g/L. The occurrence of the agent could also be proved in samples from the influent and the effluent of the communal sewage treatment plant into which the hospital's sewage water is shed, Concentrations ranged from 7 to 143 ng/L, In an attempt to assess the contribution of CP to the genotoxicity detected in hospital waste water in a recent study, the effects of CP in the umuC test, a bacterial genotoxicity assay, were investigated, However, no genotoxic effects of CP were found up to concentrations of 1 g/L. (C) 1997 Academic Press.
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页码:174 / 179
页数:6
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