Blood volume determination using hydroxyethyl starch: A rapid and simple intravenous injection method

Objective: To develop and evaluate a new method for blood volume measurements using hydroxyethyl starch as a dilution marker. Design: Laboratory and clinical investigation. Setting: Neurosurgical operating rooms and anesthesiological laboratories of a university hospital, Patients: Twelve patients who underwent a neurosurgical operation. interventions: Anesthesia and operations were carried out by physicians who were not involved in the study. In addition, blood samples were drawn from 50 volunteers. Measurements and Main Results: Blood volume measurements by the hydroxyethyl starch method were validated in vivo by com parison with a conventional carbon monoxide technique. Patients were intravenously injected with hydroxyethyl starch (100 mt) and received simultaneously an injection of carbon monoxide (50 mt) into a closed-circuit ventilation system. Brood samples obtained before and 5 mins after injection were analyzed for carboxyhemoglobin and glucose plasma concentrations after acidic hydrolysis of hydroxyethyl starch, Blood volume was calculated from the difference between glucose concentrations measured after hydrolysis in the plasma, before and after the addition of hydroxyethyl starch. In vitro, the hydroxyethyl starch method had an error and a precision of similar to 2%. In vivo, simultaneous measurements of blood volume using hydroxyethyl starch and carbon monoxide demonstrated a high correlation (r(2) = .96, p < .001)between these meth ods. The mean difference between the two methods relative to their average value was 1.0 +/- 3.5%; the bias was 52.3 mt, and the 95% confidence interval was -64.0 to +168.7 mL. Conclusions: Blood volume determination by the hydroxyethyl starch method is accurate and rapid and may enhance perioperative monitoring of fluid and blood therapy.