Solid state and smelting reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate with coke

Solid state and smelting reduction of ilmenite is an important process of upgrading ilmenite to high titania feedstock. In this study, an ilmenite concentrate supplied by Panzhihua Iron and Steel (Group) Co. was first reduced at solid state in an electric resistance furnace, followed by smelting reduction in an induction furnace. The effects of reducing agent (carbon) amount on the chemical composition of the solid state reduction sample and the titania slag reduced from them, were analysed. It was found that the metallisation of iron in the solid reduction samples and the grade of titania slag generally increased with increasing carbon amount from 8 to 12%, and then remained constant when the carbon amount was increased above 12%. The content of metallic iron in the titania slag increased with increasing carbon amount, because the slag viscosity and liquidus temperature increased with decreasing FeO content. It was also known that the content of Ti2O3 increased with decreasing the content of FeO in the slag. Some metallic iron particles were found in the high titania slag samples. The liquidus lines and viscosity of the slag were calculated using FactSage to explain the experimental results.