The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking

被引：405

作者：

Outram, Alan K. ^{[1
]}

Stear, Natalie A. ^{[2
]}

Bendrey, Robin ^{[3
,7
]}

Olsen, Sandra ^{[4
]}

Kasparov, Alexei ^{[1
,5
]}

Zaibert, Victor ^{[6
]}

Thorpe, Nick ^{[7
]}

Evershed, Richard P. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Exeter, Dept Archaeol, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England

[2] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England

[3] CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat, UNR 5197, F-75005 Paris, France

[4] Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA

[5] Inst Hist Mat Culture, St Petersburg 191186, Russia

[6] Kokshetau Univ, Kokshetau 020000, Akmolinsk Oblas, Kazakhstan

[7] Univ Winchester, Dept Archaeol, Winchester SO22 4NR, Hants, England

来源：

SCIENCE | 2009年 / 323卷 / 5919期

基金：

英国自然环境研究理事会;

关键词：

ORIGINS;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1168594

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Horse domestication revolutionized transport, communications, and warfare in prehistory, yet the identification of early domestication processes has been problematic. Here, we present three independent lines of evidence demonstrating domestication in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of Kazakhstan, dating to about 3500 B.C.E. Metrical analysis of horse metacarpals shows that Botai horses resemble Bronze Age domestic horses rather than Paleolithic wild horses from the same region. Pathological characteristics indicate that some Botai horses were bridled, perhaps ridden. Organic residue analysis, using delta C-13 and delta D values of fatty acids, reveals processing of mare's milk and carcass products in ceramics, indicating a developed domestic economy encompassing secondary products.

引用

页码：1332 / 1335

页数：4

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