The adsorption of L-cysteine on Au(lll) from a perchlorate solution was studied by in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy. The potential-induced adsorption of the thiols lifts the reconstruction of Au(111) and at more positive potentials L-cysteine adopts a (root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees adlayer structure. The potential-induced desorption of the adlayer does not cause the reconstruction to reappear but instead leaves a roughened surface with a large number of monoatomic high gold islands and monoatomic deep holes.