Introducing a point mutation identified in a patient with pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone (Arg 338 to Trp) into other mutant thyroid hormone receptors weakens their dominant negative activities

Clinical resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) has been classified into generalized resistance to thyroid hormone (GRTH) and pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone (PRTH) types. Since similar mutations have been identified in tri-iodothvronine T-3) receptor (TR) beta gene in GRTH and PRTH, and since considerable overlap has been seen in the clinical manifestations in patients with GRTH and PRTH, two subtypes of RTH are now considered to be a continuous spectrum with the same genetic defect. A point mutation at amino acid Arg 338 to Trp (R338W) which we identified in a patient with PRTH is very interesting, since R338W has been found in several other patients with PRTH, raising the possibility that this mutation may tend to associate with a phenotype of PRTH. In our previous study, we found that R338W had relatively less impaired transcriptional potency, weaker dominant negative activity on various T-3 response elements and poor homodimer formation, as compared with another GRTH mutant. In this study, to investigate the functional properties of R338W further, especially in terms of the relation between transcriptional activity and dimer formations, we introduced the R338W mutation into the mutant receptors, K443E and F451X, constructing the double mutants, R338W/K433E and R338W/F451X. Both R338W/K443E and R338W/F451X showed negligible T-3 binding and transcriptional activities. The dominant negative activities of K443E and F451X were, however, significantly weakened by introducing the R338W mutation. As a control, a double mutant G345R/K443E was constructed by introducing a point: mutation, G345R, located in the same exon 9 as R338W, into the K443E mutant. Dominant negative activity did not differ between G345R/K443E and K443E. Homodimer formation was significantly reduced in the double mutants containing R338W, but not G345R. In summary, introducing the R338W mutation, but not G345R, into the mutant TR significantly weakened the dominant negative activity, despite further impairment of the T-3 binding and transcriptional activities.