Continuous fluid resuscitation and splenectomy for treatment of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after massive splenic injury

Background: Using a standardized massive splenic injury (MSI) model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, we studied the effect of continuous fluid resuscitation and splenectomy on the hemodynamic response and survival in rats. Methods: The animals were randomized into seven groups: group 1 (n = 8), sham-operated; group 2 (n = 8), MSI untreated; group 3 (n = 8), MSI treated with 7.5 mL/kg/h of 7.5% NaCl (hypertonic saline [HTS]) for 1 hour; group 4 (n = 8), MSI treated with 7.5 mL/kg/h hydroxyethyl starch (HES-7.5) for 1 hour; group 5 (n = 8) MSI treated with 35 mL/kg/h Ringer's lactate (RL) solution (RL-35) for 1 hour; group 6 (n = 8) MSI treated with 70 mL/kg/h RL for 1 hour (RL-70); and group 7 (n = 8), MSI treated with 105 mL/kg/h RL for 1 hour (RL-105). In all MSI groups, splenectomy was performed 45 minutes after injury. Results: MSI in untreated group 2 resulted in a fall of mean arterial pressure from 105.9 +/- 10.7 mm Hg to 27.0 +/- 6.7 nun Hg (p < 0.001) in 60 minutes. Mean survival time after splenectomy in this group was 160.7 +/- 29.7 minutes, and total blood loss was 34.8 +/- 4.7% of blood volume. Continuous HTS infusion with splenectomy in group 3 was followed by a total blood loss of 38.7 +/- 4.4% and mean survival time was 176.5 +/- 23.2 minutes. HMS-7.5 infusion and splenectomy was followed by a total blood loss of 39.6 +/- 2.5% and survival time was 171.6 +/- 19.5 minutes. Continuous infusion of increasing volumes of RL in groups 5, 6, and 7 was followed by increase in blood loss to 29.0 +/- 4.1%, 50.2 +/- 3.1% (p < 0.001), and 62.7 +/- 7.1% (p < 0.002) of total blood volume, respectively. Mean survival time in groups 5, 6, and 7 was 233.5 +/- 6.5 minutes (p < 0.04), 207.6 +/- 17.0 minutes (p < 0.05), and 158 +/- 26 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: Continuous infusion of large-volume RL and splenectomy after massive splenic injury resulted in a significant increase in intra-abdominal bleeding and shortened survival time compared with small-volume RL infusion.