230 GHz VLBI OBSERVATIONS OF M87: EVENT-HORIZON-SCALE STRUCTURE DURING AN ENHANCED VERY-HIGH-ENERGY γ-RAY STATE IN 2012

被引：97

作者：

Akiyama, Kazunori ^{[1
,2
]}

Lu, Ru-Sen ^{[3
,4
]}

Fish, Vincent L. ^{[3
]}

Doeleman, Sheperd S. ^{[3
,5
]}

Broderick, Avery E. ^{[6
,7
]}

Dexter, Jason ^{[8
]}

Hada, Kazuhiro ^{[2
,9
]}

Kino, Motoki ^{[10
]}

Nagai, Hiroshi ^{[2
]}

Honma, Mareki ^{[2
,11
]}

Johnson, Michael D. ^{[5
]}

Algaba, Juan C. ^{[10
,12
]}

Asada, Keiichi ^{[12
]}

Brinkerink, Christiaan ^{[13
]}

Blundell, Ray ^{[5
]}

Bower, Geoffrey C. ^{[14
]}

Cappallo, Roger ^{[3
]}

Crew, Geoffrey B. ^{[3
]}

Dexter, Matt ^{[15
]}

Dzib, Sergio A. ^{[4
,16
]}

Freund, Robert ^{[17
]}

Friberg, Per ^{[18
]}

Gurwell, Mark ^{[5
]}

Ho, Paul T. P. ^{[12
]}

Inoue, Makoto ^{[12
]}

Krichbaum, Thomas P. ^{[4
]}

Loinard, Laurent ^{[16
]}

MacMahon, David ^{[15
]}

Marrone, Daniel P. ^{[17
]}

Moran, James M. ^{[5
]}

Nakamura, Masanori ^{[12
]}

Nagar, Neil M. ^{[19
]}

Ortiz-Leon, Gisela ^{[16
]}

Plambeck, Richard ^{[15
]}

Pradel, Nicolas ^{[12
]}

Primiani, Rurik A. ^{[5
]}

Rogers, Alan E. E. ^{[3
]}

Roy, Alan L. ^{[4
]}

SooHoo, Jason ^{[3
]}

Tavares, Jonathan-Leon ^{[20
]}

Tilanus, Remo P. J. ^{[13
,21
]}

Titus, Michael ^{[3
]}

Wagner, Jan ^{[4
,10
]}

Weintroub, Jonathan ^{[5
]}

Yamaguchi, Paul ^{[5
]}

Young, Ken H. ^{[5
]}

Zensus, Anton ^{[4
]}

Ziurys, Lucy M. ^{[17
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan

[2] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan

[3] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA

[4] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[5] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[6] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, North Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada

[7] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N21 3G1, Canada

[8] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[9] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[10] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst KASI, Taejon 305348, South Korea

[11] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan

[12] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

[13] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands

[14] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA

[15] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[16] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radiostron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico

[17] Univ Arizona, Arizona Radio Observ, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

[18] Joint Astron Ctr, James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA

[19] Univ Concepcion, Dept Astron, Concepcion, Chile

[20] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla 72000, Mexico

[21] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2015年 / 807卷 / 02期

基金：

日本学术振兴会; 美国国家科学基金会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;

关键词：

galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (M87); galaxies: jets; radio continuum: galaxies; techniques: high angular resolution; techniques: interferometric; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SIMILAR-TO-10 SCHWARZSCHILD RADII; HIGH-FREQUENCY VLBI; TEV EMISSION; JET BASE; UNIFIED SCHEMES; X-RAY;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/150

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We report on 230 GHz (1.3 mm) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope using antennas on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Mt. Graham in Arizona, and Cedar Flat in California. For the first time, we have acquired 230 GHz VLBI interferometric phase information on M87 through measurement of the closure phase on the triangle of long baselines. Most of the measured closure phases are consistent with 0 degrees as expected by physically motivated models for 230 GHz structure such as jet models and accretion disk models. The brightness temperature of the event-horizon-scale structure is similar to 1 x 10(10) K derived from the compact flux density of similar to 1 Jy and the angular size of similar to 40 mu as similar to 5.5 R-s, which is broadly consistent with the peak brightness of the radio cores at 1-86 GHz located within similar to 10(2) R-s. Our observations occurred in the middle of an enhancement in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray flux, presumably originating in the vicinity of the central black hole. Our measurements, combined with results of multi-wavelength observations, favor a scenario in which the VHE region has an extended size of similar to 20-60 R-s.

引用

页数：11

共 92 条

[1] FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY DETECTION OF THE RADIO GALAXY M87
Abdo, A. A.
Ackermann, M.
Ajello, M.
Atwood, W. B.
Axelsson, M.
Baldini, L.
Ballet, J.
Barbiellini, G.
Bastieri, D.
Bechtol, K.
Bellazzini, R.
Berenji, B.
Blandford, R. D.
Bloom, E. D.
Bonamente, E.
Borgland, A. W.
Bregeon, J.
Brez, A.
Brigida, M.
Bruel, P.
Burnett, T. H.
Caliandro, G. A.
Cameron, R. A.
Cannon, A.
Caraveo, P. A.
Casandjian, J. M.
Cavazzuti, E.
Cecchi, C.
Celik, Oe
Charles, E.
Cheung, C. C.
Chiang, J.
Ciprini, S.
Claus, R.
Cohen-Tanugi, J.
Colafrancesco, S.
Conrad, J.
Costamante, L.
Cutini, S.
Davis, D. S.
Dermer, C. D.
de Angelis, A.
de Palma, F.
Digel, S. W.
Donato, D.
do Couto e Silva, E.
Drell, P. S.
Dubois, R.
Dumora, D.
Edmonds, Y.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2009, 707 (01) : 55 - 60
[2] THE 2010 VERY HIGH ENERGY γ-RAY FLARE AND 10 YEARS OF MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF M 87
Abramowski, A.
Acero, F.
Aharonian, F.
Akhperjanian, A. G.
Anton, G.
Balzer, A.
Barnacka, A.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Becherini, Y.
Becker, J.
Behera, B.
Bernloehr, K.
Birsin, E.
Biteau, J.
Bochow, A.
Boisson, C.
Bolmont, J.
Bordas, P.
Brucker, J.
Brun, F.
Brun, P.
Bulik, T.
Buesching, I.
Carrigan, S.
Casanova, S.
Cerruti, M.
Chadwick, P. M.
Charbonnier, A.
Chaves, R. C. G.
Cheesebrough, A.
Clapson, A. C.
Coignet, G.
Cologna, G.
Conrad, J.
Dalton, M.
Daniel, M. K.
Davids, I. D.
Degrange, B.
Deil, C.
Dickinson, H. J.
Djannati-Atai, A.
Domainko, W.
Drury, L. O'C.
Dubus, G.
Dutson, K.
Dyks, J.
Dyrda, M.
Egberts, K.
Eger, P.
Espigat, P.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 746 (02)
[3] Radio Imaging of the Very-High-Energy γ-Ray Emission Region in the Central Engine of a Radio Galaxy
Acciari, V. A.
Aliu, E.
Arlen, T.
Bautista, M.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Bradbury, S. M.
Buckley, J. H.
Bugaev, V.
Butt, Y.
Byrum, K.
Cannon, A.
Celik, O.
Cesarini, A.
Chow, Y. C.
Ciupik, L.
Cogan, P.
Cui, W.
Dickherber, R.
Fegan, S. J.
Finley, J. P.
Fortin, P.
Fortson, L.
Furniss, A.
Gall, D.
Gillanders, G. H.
Grube, J.
Guenette, R.
Gyuk, G.
Hanna, D.
Holder, J.
Horan, D.
Hui, C. M.
Humensky, T. B.
Imran, A.
Kaaret, P.
Karlsson, N.
Kieda, D.
Kildea, J.
Konopelko, A.
Krawczynski, H.
Krennrich, F.
Lang, M. J.
LeBohec, S.
Maier, G.
McCann, A.
McCutcheon, M.
Millis, J.
Moriarty, P.
Ong, R. A.
[J]. SCIENCE, 2009, 325 (5939) : 444 - 448
[4] Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy
Actis, M.
Agnetta, G.
Aharonian, F.
Akhperjanian, A.
Aleksic, J.
Aliu, E.
Allan, D.
Allekotte, I.
Antico, F.
Antonelli, L. A.
Antoranz, P.
Aravantinos, A.
Arlen, T.
Arnaldi, H.
Artmann, S.
Asano, K.
Asorey, H.
Baehr, J.
Bais, A.
Baixeras, C.
Bajtlik, S.
Balis, D.
Bamba, A.
Barbier, C.
Barcelo, M.
Barnacka, A.
Barnstedt, J.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Barrio, J. A.
Basso, S.
Bastieri, D.
Bauer, C.
Becerra, J.
Becherini, Y.
Bechtol, K.
Becker, J.
Beckmann, V.
Bednarek, W.
Behera, B.
Beilicke, M.
Belluso, M.
Benallou, M.
Benbow, W.
Berdugo, J.
Berger, K.
Bernardino, T.
Bernloehr, K.
Biland, A.
Billotta, S.
Bird, T.
[J]. EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY, 2011, 32 (03) : 193 - 316
[5] Multi-Epoch VERA Observations of Sagittarius A*. I. Images and Structural Variability
Akiyama, Kazunori
Takahashi, Rohta
Honma, Mareki
Oyama, Tomoaki
Kobayashi, Hideyuki
[J]. PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, 2013, 65 (04)
[6] [Anonymous], 2013, ARXIV13093519
[7] DISCOVERY OF SUB- TO SUPERLUMINAL MOTIONS IN THE M87 JET: AN IMPLICATION OF ACCELERATION FROM SUB-RELATIVISTIC TO RELATIVISTIC SPEEDS
Asada, Keiichi
Nakamura, Masanori
Doi, Akihiro
Nagai, Hiroshi
Inoue, Makoto
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2014, 781 (01)
[8] THE STRUCTURE OF THE M87 JET: A TRANSITION FROM PARABOLIC TO CONICAL STREAMLINES
Asada, Keiichi
Nakamura, Masanori
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2012, 745 (02)
[9] INTERPRETATION OF THE FLARES OF M87 AT TeV ENERGIES IN THE CLOUD-JET INTERACTION SCENARIO
Barkov, Maxim V.
Bosch-Ramon, Valenti
Aharonian, Felix A.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 755 (02)
[10] GAMMA-RAY FLARES FROM RED GIANT/JET INTERACTIONS IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Barkov, Maxim V.
Aharonian, Felix A.
Bosch-Ramon, Valenti
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2010, 724 (02) : 1517 - 1523

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →