Hidden Behind Autophagy: The Unconventional Roles of ATG Proteins

被引:96
作者
Bestebroer, Jovanka [1 ,2 ,3 ]
V'kovski, Philip [2 ,3 ]
Mauthe, Mario [2 ,3 ]
Reggiori, Fulvio [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Microbiol, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
[2] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Cell Biol, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
[3] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Inst Biomembranes, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
关键词
apoptosis; ATG proteins; autophagy; degradation; immunity; infection; pathogens; subversion; unconventional; CORONAVIRUS REPLICATION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; MEDIATED CLEAVAGE; ERAD REGULATORS; APOPTOTIC CELL; COMPLEX; RECEPTOR; CONJUGATION; STARVATION; DEGRADATION;
D O I
10.1111/tra.12091
中图分类号
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号
071009 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular catabolic transport route that generally allows the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components, including bulk cytosol, protein aggregates, damaged or superfluous organelles and invading microbes. Target structures are sequestered by double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which are formed through the concerted action of the autophagy (ATG)-related proteins. Until recently it was assumed that ATG proteins were exclusively involved in autophagy. A growing number of studies, however, have attributed functions to some of them that are distinct from their classical role in autophagosome biogenesis. Autophagy-independent roles of the ATG proteins include the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and resistance to pathogens. For example, they assist and enhance the turnover of dead cells and microbes upon their phagocytic engulfment, and inhibit murine norovirus replication. Moreover, bone resorption by osteoclasts, innate immune regulation triggered by cytoplasmic DNA and the ER-associated degradation regulation all have in common the requirement of a subset of ATG proteins. Microorganisms such as coronaviruses, Chlamydia trachomatis or Brucella abortus have even evolved ways to manipulate autophagy-independent functions of ATG proteins in order to ensure the completion of their intracellular life cycle. Taken together these novel mechanisms add to the repertoire of functions and extend the number of cellular processes involving the ATG proteins.
引用
收藏
页码:1029 / 1041
页数:13
相关论文
共 96 条
[1]   The chlamydial developmental cycle [J].
AbdelRahman, YM ;
Belland, RJ .
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, 2005, 29 (05) :949-959
[2]   N-glycan structures: recognition and processing in the ER [J].
Aebi, Markus ;
Bernasconi, Riccardo ;
Clerc, Simone ;
Molinari, Maurizio .
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES, 2010, 35 (02) :74-82
[3]   Autophagy-independent function of MAP-LC3 during intracellular propagation of Chlamydia trachomatis [J].
Al-Younes, Hesham M. ;
Al-Zeer, Munir A. ;
Khalil, Hany ;
Gussmann, Joscha ;
Karlas, Alexander ;
Machuy, Nikolaus ;
Brinkmann, Volker ;
Braun, Peter R. ;
Meyer, Thomas F. .
AUTOPHAGY, 2011, 7 (08) :814-828
[4]   Interaction of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 with the host autophagic pathway [J].
Al-Younes, HM ;
Brinkmann, V ;
Meyer, TF .
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, 2004, 72 (08) :4751-4762
[5]  
[Anonymous], PLOS ONE
[6]   RETRACTED: Role of the SEL1L:LC3-I Complex as an ERAD Tuning Receptor in the Mammalian ER (Retracted article. See vol. 56, pg. 819, 2014) [J].
Bernasconi, Riccardo ;
Galli, Carmela ;
Noack, Julia ;
Bianchi, Siro ;
de Haan, Cornelis A. M. ;
Reggiori, Fulvio ;
Molinari, Maurizio .
MOLECULAR CELL, 2012, 46 (06) :809-819
[7]   ERAD and ERAD tuning: disposal of cargo and of ERAD regulators from the mammalian ER [J].
Bernasconi, Riccardo ;
Molinari, Maurizio .
CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY, 2011, 23 (02) :176-183
[8]   p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death [J].
Bjorkoy, G ;
Lamark, T ;
Brech, A ;
Outzen, H ;
Perander, M ;
Overvatn, A ;
Stenmark, H ;
Johansen, T .
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY, 2005, 171 (04) :603-614
[9]   The osteoclast, bone remodelling and treatment of metabolic bone disease [J].
Boyce, Brendan F. ;
Rosenberg, Elizabeth ;
de Papp, Anne E. ;
Duong, Le T. .
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, 2012, 42 (12) :1332-1341
[10]   STING and the innate immune response to nucleic acids in the cytosol [J].
Burdette, Dara L. ;
Vance, Russell E. .
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY, 2013, 14 (01) :19-26