The First National Study of Neighborhood Parks Implications for Physical Activity

被引:146
作者
Cohen, Deborah A. [1 ]
Han, Bing [1 ]
Nagel, Catherine J. [2 ]
Harnik, Peter [3 ]
McKenzie, Thomas L. [4 ]
Evenson, Kelly R. [5 ]
Marsh, Terry [1 ]
Williamson, Stephanie [1 ]
Vaughan, Christine [1 ]
Katta, Sweatha [2 ]
机构
[1] RAND Corp, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA
[2] City Pk Alliance, Washington, DC USA
[3] Trust Publ Land, Washington, DC USA
[4] San Diego State Univ, Sch Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
[5] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA
关键词
RECREATION; DISTANCE; FEATURES; IMPACT; SIZE; CITY;
D O I
10.1016/j.amepre.2016.03.021
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Introduction: An extensive infrastructure of neighborhood parks supports leisure time physical activity in most U.S. cities; yet, most Americans do not meet national guidelines for physical activity. Neighborhood parks have never been assessed nationally to identify their role in physical activity. Methods: Using a stratified multistage sampling strategy, a representative sample of 174 neighborhood parks in 25 major cities (population 4100,000) across the U.S. was selected. Park use, park-based physical activity, and park conditions were observed during a typical week using systematic direct observation during spring/summer of 2014. Park administrators were interviewed to assess policies and practices. Data were analyzed in 2014-2015 using repeated-measure negative binomial regressions to estimate weekly park use and park-based physical activity. Results: Nationwide, the average neighborhood park of 8.8 acres averaged 20 users/hour or an estimated 1,533 person hours of weekly use. Walking loops and gymnasia each generated 221 hours/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Seniors represented 4% of park users, but 20% of the general population. Parks were used less in low-income than in high-income neighborhoods, largely explained by fewer supervised activities and marketing/outreach efforts. Programming and marketing were associated with 37% and 63% more hours of moderate to vigorous physical activity/week in parks, respectively. Conclusions: The findings establish national benchmarks for park use, which can guide future park investments and management practices to improve population health. Offering more programming, using marketing tools like banners and posters, and installing facilities like walking loops, may help currently underutilized parks increase population physical activity. (C) 2016 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:419 / 426
页数:8
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