Continuous quantum phase transitions

被引:1105
作者
Sondhi, SL
Girvin, SM
Carini, JP
Shahar, D
机构
[1] INDIANA UNIV, DEPT PHYS, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA
[2] PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT ELECT ENGN, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1103/RevModPhys.69.315
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
A quantum system can undergo a continuous phase transition at the absolute zero of temperature as some parameter entering its Hamiltonian is varied. These transitions are particularly interesting for, in contrast to their classical finite-temperature counterparts, their dynamic and static critical behaviors are intimately intertwined. Considerable insight is gained by considering the path-integral description of the quantum statistical mechanics of such systems, which takes the form of the classical statistical mechanics of a system in which time appears as an extra dimension. In particular, this allows the deduction of scaling forms for the finite-temperature behavior, which turns out to be described by the theory of finite-size scaling. It also leads naturally to the notion of a temperature-dependent dephasing length that governs the crossover between quantum and classical fluctuations. Using these ideas, a scaling analysis of experiments on Josephson-junction arrays and quantum-Hall-effect systems is presented.
引用
收藏
页码:315 / 333
页数:19
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