Effect of hydrogen peroxide on antioxidant enzymes and metallothionein level in the digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis

The pro-oxidant effect of H2O2 at a concentration of 20 muM was examined in the digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis, a bivalve mollusc frequently used in biomonitoring programs. The oxidative stress caused by H2O2 has been evaluated in terms of lipid peroxidation and lysosomal system alteration. Complex cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms of the mussel were investigated at the enzymatic and non-enzymatic level in order to explain their relative role in reducing the risk of oxidative injury. Metallothionein, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were assayed after 1, 4 and 7 days of exposure to H2O2. The metallothionein content showed an increase by 43% after 4 days of exposure. followed by a decrease buck to control values at 7 days. Antioxidant enzyme activities followed a similar pattern with a moderate increase after I or 4 days of treatment and a return to control values at 7 days. All data indicate a 'transient' oxidative stress response, after which mussel cells restore the redox balance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.