Twin pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive techniques: Maternal and neonatal outcomes

Objective: To determine whether twin pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive techniques are at increased risk for obstetric complications or perinatal morbidity. Methods: A computerized perinatal data base was reviewed for all twin pregnancies managed by private obstetricians and delivered between 1990 and 1995. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes of those conceived following in vitro fertilization (IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) were compared to the outcomes of those conceived spontaneously. Results: There were 105 twin deliveries following IVF or GIFT and 279 following natural fertilization. Discordant birth weight and low birth weight occurred more frequently in pregnancies conceived by IVF or GIFT (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14, 3.91; OR 1.65, 95% CI 0.98, 2.79, respectively). Elective cesarean delivery was more frequent in twin pregnancies conceived after IVF GIFT (relative risk [RR] 4.02, 95% CI 1.28, 12.6). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of antepartum or intrapartum complications, preterm delivery, or mean gestational age at delivery. There was no statistically significant increase in the frequency of neonatal complications among infants born after IVF GIFT. Conclusion: Although twin pregnancies following IVF or GIFT are more likely to result in discordant birth weight infants, the perinatal outcome is comparable to that of spontaneously conceived twin pregnancies. Copyright (C) 1997 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.