Extrusion for producing low-fat pork and its use in sausage as affected by soy protein isolate

Low-fat pork was produced at extrusion temperatures (ET) of 25, 32.2, 43.3, 54.4, or 65.6 degrees C with addition of soy protein isolate (SPI) at 0, 1.5, or 3% and evaluated by measuring chemical and physical properties of low-fat pork sausage links. ET and SPI addition influenced moisture retention and fat reduction. The highest ET (65.5 degrees C) gave the highest fat reduction in extrudates, TBARS decreased as ET and SPI increased. Extrudates at higher ET made darker and redder sausages, The hardness value of the control was not different from that of sausages from 65.6 degrees C ET extrudates, The fat-reduced sausages were more springy and cohesive than the control, Depending on fat reduction, twin-screw extrusion influenced sausage color, texture, and lipid oxidation. The sausage links from 65.6 degrees C ET extrudates with 1.5% SPI had the lowest fat, lowest TBARS, least cooking loss and were not different in hardness from control high-fat sausages.