Assessing, representing and transmitting positional uncertainty in maps

This paper considers a model for positional uncertainty in maps with applications in geographical information systems. Using the model it is shown how uncertainty in map boundaries can be assessed, represented and transmitted through set operations such as intersection (map overlaying). Expressions for uncertainty in lengths, perimeters and areas calculated from maps are given. Simulation of maps and other quantities of interest derived from them is also discussed. The ideas are illustrated with examples.