The successful execution of both large and complex construction projects and environmental and natural hazard assessments requires a precise definition of subsurface conditions. Over the past two decades, a series of sophisticated 3-D modelling technologies-collectively identified as geoscientific information systems, or GSIS - have been developed to address this subsurface characterisation need. Existing commercial systems reflect their historical origins. The modelling and visualisation process remains technically challenging. Rapid development of computer hardware and software, modern data base design concepts and expanded information transmission capabilities across the Internet are encouraging the greater use of GSIS technologies as they become cheaper and easier to use and integrate within corporate decision-support systems. The integration of GSIS with broader information management systems is not common, but limited initial experiences suggest that large benefits are likely to result.
