Genetic factors and treatment of mood disorders

Objectives: This paper reviews the pharmacogenetics of mood disorders. Methods: We have searched the literature for published studies and abstracts relevant for genetic effects in acute antidepressant treatment and in long-term prophylactic treatment. Results: The most promising findings to date show an association of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and the response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Genetic factors also appear to play a significant role in the outcome of long-term lithium treatment. The phenotype of lithium-responsive bipolar disorder is associated with stronger genetic effects as well as with an increased phenotypic homogeneity. Conclusions. Genetic factors likely influence treatment response in mood disorders. Clarifying their precise role will have implications for treatment as well as for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of these disorders.