The Genetic Structure of Marijuana and Hemp

被引:199
作者
Sawler, Jason [1 ,2 ]
Stout, Jake M. [3 ]
Gardner, Kyle M. [1 ]
Hudson, Darryl [4 ]
Vidmar, John [5 ]
Butler, Laura [1 ]
Page, Jonathan E. [2 ,6 ]
Myles, Sean [1 ]
机构
[1] Dalhousie Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
[2] Anandia Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
[3] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
[4] DOC Solut, Hamilton, ON L9C 5H3, Canada
[5] Alberta Innovates Technol Futures, Vegreville, AB T9C 1T4, Canada
[6] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
来源
PLOS ONE | 2015年 / 10卷 / 08期
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
WHOLE-GENOME; CANNABIS;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0133292
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Despite its cultivation as a source of food, fibre and medicine, and its global status as the most used illicit drug, the genus Cannabis has an inconclusive taxonomic organization and evolutionary history. Drug types of Cannabis (marijuana), which contain high amounts of the psychoactive cannabinoid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are used for medical purposes and as a recreational drug. Hemp types are grown for the production of seed and fibre, and contain low amounts of THC. Two species or gene pools (C. sativa and C. indica) are widely used in describing the pedigree or appearance of cultivated Cannabis plants. Using 14,031 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 81 marijuana and 43 hemp samples, we show that marijuana and hemp are significantly differentiated at a genome-wide level, demonstrating that the distinction between these populations is not limited to genes underlying THC production. We find a moderate correlation between the genetic structure of marijuana strains and their reported C. sativa and C. indica ancestry and show that marijuana strain names often do not reflect a meaningful genetic identity. We also provide evidence that hemp is genetically more similar to C. indica type marijuana than to C. sativa strains.
引用
收藏
页数:9
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