Long-Term Assessment of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Findings in Norwegian Elite Endurance Athletes

Objectives: The long-term outcome and clinical significance of athlete's heart has been debated and more longitudinal data are needed. We present a prospective 15 years' follow-up study of ECG and echo findings in elite endurance athletes following the end of their competitive career. Methods: Clinical evaluation, ECG, ambulatory Holter recording and echocardiography were performed in 30 top-level endurance athletes with a mean age of 24 years with follow-up 15 years later. All had then ended their competitive career, but still performed recreational sports activities. Results: No clinical events were reported. Average resting heart rate was unchanged (53.5 +/- 10 at baseline and 55.4 +/- 11 at follow-up, p = n.s.), complex ventricular arrhythmias did not occur and the number of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) were 0.4 +/- 0.8/h at baseline and 3.8 +/- 10/h at follow-up (p = n.s.). In a subgroup of 4 subjects with 1 100 VPBs per hour at follow-up left ventricular mass was increased compared to the others ( p < 0.03). Furthermore, regression of sino-atrial ( SA) and atrioventricular ( AV) blocks was shown. There were no cases of atrial flutter or fibrillation. There was a slight reduction in mean left ventricular wall thickness (9.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 9.5 +/- 1.4 mm, p < 0.05) and a highly significant reduction of relative wall thickness (0.38 vs. 0.35, p < 0.001). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (68 +/- 6 vs. 70 +/- 7 ml ml/m(2), p = n.s.) and left ventricular mass (109 +/- 19 vs. 107 +/- 19 g/m(2), p = n.s.) were unchanged when corrected for body surface area and ejection fraction (EF) increased (60 +/- 7 vs. 67 +/- 6%, p < 0.01). Parameters of left ventricular diastolic function were normal both at baseline and follow-up. Conclusions: There was no evidence of deleterious cardiac effects of previous top-level endurance athletic activity at 15 years' follow-up. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel