Myocardial infarction and regulatory myosin light chain

Myosin from cardiac muscle consists of two heavy chains and two pairs of light chain. Regulatory myosin light chain (RMLC) is phosphorylated by a Ca2+ and calmodulin dependent myosin light chain kinase. The impact of experimental myocardial infarction on cardiac RMLC was studied. The left anterior descending coronary artery of rabbits was ligated. Three, 7 and 14 days later the animals were euthanized, sections of the heart were frozen in liquid nitrogen and later subjected to 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing was carried out at a pH range of 4.5-5.4. Reproducible patterns of protein separation showed four spots with proteins of phosphorylatable regulatory light chains shifted to a more negative pH as compared to essential light chain. We investigated changes in phosphorylation of RMLC in infarcted heart muscle. As compared to sham operated animals, a decline in phosphorylation of RMLC was present in both infarcted and non-infarcted portions of the left ventricle; the latter was significant 7 days following the onset of ischemia. In contrast, the decline in percent phosphorylation in the infarcted area was not significant. The amount of RMLC decreased significantly in the infarcted portion. A highly significant reduction in the percent of viable cardiomyocytes accompanied the decline in phosphorylation. There was a significant correlation of RMLC following administration of isoproterenol, 7 and 14 days following onset of ischemia. Only faint traces of essential atrial myosin light chain (ALC-1) were present in the non-infarcted portion of the left ventricle. No correlation was found between percent phosphorylation and the amount of RMLC (density) following infusion of saline or isoproterenol. Isoproterenol significantly increased percent phosphorylation without altering the amount of RMLC protein. We conclude that myocardial infarction profoundly affects regulatory myosin light chain phosphorylation in the infarcted and non-infarcted areas of the myocardium and that RMLC plays a significant part in myocardial contracility. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.