Effects of soil decomposer invertebrates (protozoa and earthworms) on an above-ground phytophagous insect (cereal aphid) mediated through changes in the host plant

被引:67
作者
Bonkowski, M
Geoghegan, IE
Birch, ANE
Griffiths, BS
机构
[1] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Fachbereich Biol 10, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
[2] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Vegetat Syst Unit, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
[3] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Soil Plant Dynam Unit, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
关键词
D O I
10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.950309.x
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
We investigated if the activity of soil invertebrates (protozoa and earthworms) affected the performance of barley and if effects propagated higher up the above-ground food chain into herbivores (cereal aphid, Sitobion avenae). Barley plants were grown individually in microcosms containing defaunated soil and grass residues. Plants were grown in soil containing: a) no added fauna, b) protozoa, c) earthworms, or d) protozoa and earthworms. After 7 weeks growth at 20degreesC three adult cereal aphids were added to each plant on separate leaves. The aphids were allowed to grow and reproduce for another 2 weeks before the experiment was destructively sampled. Amounts of mineral N in the soil and leached frown the microcosms were significantly reduced by the presence of soil animals. Correspondingly plant biomass and total plant N content were increased significantly by soil animals, protozoa in particular. The different mechanisms responsible for changes in nutrient turnover in presence of protozoa and earthworms are discussed. Aphid performance was strongly influenced by the presence of protozoa, but not by earthworms. In the presence of protozoa the numbers and biomass of adult and juvenile aphids were significantly increased. These effects are likely due to an increased N content in barley plants and consequently increased nitrogen availability to aphids. The results underline that the detritivore and herbivore systems are intimately linked.
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页码:441 / 450
页数:10
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