Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characteristics of the Corpus Callosum in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The corpus callosum is an important predilection site for traumatic axonal injury but may be unevenly affected in head trauma. We hypothesized that there were local differences in axonal injury within the corpus callosum as investigated with diffusion tenser imaging (DTI), varying among patients with differing severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. Ten control subjects (7 men, 3 women, mean age, 37 +/- 9 years) and 39 patients with TBI (27 men, 12 women; 34 +/- 12 years) were investigated, of whom 24 had mild; 9, moderate; and 6, severe TBI. Regions of interest were selected in the callosal genu, body, and splenium to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and the number of fibers passing through, Statistical comparison was made through analysis of variance with the Scheffe post hoc analysis. RESULTS: Compared with controls, patients with mild TBI investigated < 3 months posttrauma (n = 12) had reduced FA (P < .01) and increased ADC (P < .05) in the genu, whereas patients with mild TBI investigated >= 3 months posttrauma (n = 12) showed no significant differences. Patients with moderate and severe TBI, all investigated < 3 months posttrauma, had reduced FA (P < .001) and increased ADC (P < .01) in the genu compared with controls and reduced FA in the splenium (P < .001) without significant ADC change. CONCLUSION: Mild TBI is associated with DTI abnormalities in the genu < 3 months posttrauma. In more severe TBI, both the genu and splenium are affected. DTI suggests a larger contribution of vasogenic edema in the genu than in the splenium in TBI.