The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity

被引：768

作者：

Appeltans, Ward ^{[1
,2
]}

Ahyong, Shane T. ^{[3
,4
]}

Anderson, Gary ^{[5
]}

Angel, Martin V. ^{[6
]}

Artois, Tom ^{[7
]}

Bailly, Nicolas ^{[8
]}

Bamber, Roger ^{[9
]}

Barber, Anthony ^{[10
]}

Bartsch, Ilse ^{[11
]}

Berta, Annalisa ^{[12
]}

Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, Magdalena ^{[13
]}

Bock, Phil ^{[14
]}

Boxshall, Geoff ^{[15
]}

Boyko, Christopher B. ^{[16
]}

Brandao, Simone Nunes ^{[17
,18
,19
]}

Bray, Rod A. ^{[15
]}

Bruce, Niel L. ^{[20
,21
,22
]}

Cairns, Stephen D. ^{[23
]}

Chan, Tin-Yam ^{[24
]}

Cheng, Lanna ^{[25
]}

Collins, Allen G. ^{[26
]}

Cribb, Thomas ^{[27
]}

Curini-Galletti, Marco ^{[28
]}

Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid ^{[29
,30
]}

Davie, Peter J. F. ^{[31
]}

Dawson, Michael N. ^{[32
]}

De Clerck, Olivier ^{[33
]}

Decock, Wim ^{[1
]}

De Grave, Sammy ^{[34
]}

de Voogd, Nicole J. ^{[35
]}

Domning, Daryl P. ^{[36
]}

Emig, Christian C. ^{[37
]}

Erseus, Christer ^{[38
]}

Eschmeyer, William ^{[39
,40
]}

Fauchald, Kristian ^{[23
]}

Fautin, Daphne G. ^{[41
]}

Feist, Stephen W. ^{[42
]}

Fransen, Charles H. J. M. ^{[35
]}

Furuya, Hidetaka ^{[43
,44
]}

Garcia-Alvarez, Oscar ^{[45
]}

Gerken, Sarah ^{[46
]}

Gibson, David ^{[15
]}

Gittenberger, Arjan ^{[35
]}

Gofas, Serge ^{[47
]}

Gomez-Daglio, Liza ^{[32
]}

Gordon, Dennis P. ^{[48
]}

Guiry, Michael D. ^{[49
]}

Hernandez, Francisco ^{[1
]}

Hoeksema, Bert W. ^{[35
]}

Hopcroft, Russell R. ^{[50
]}

机构：

[1] Flanders Marine Inst, Flemish Marine Data & Informat Ctr, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium

[2] Intergovt Oceanog Commiss UNESCO, IOC Project Off IODE, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium

[3] Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia

[4] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

[5] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA

[6] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England

[7] Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium

[8] WorldFish Ctr, Los Banos 4031, Laguna, Philippines

[9] ARTOO Marine Biol Consultants, Southampton SO14 5QY, Hants, England

[10] British Myriapod & Isopod Grp, Ivybridge PL21 0BD, Devon, England

[11] Res Inst & Nat Hist Museum, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany

[12] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA

[13] Univ Lodz, Lab Polar Biol & Oceanobiol, PL-90237 Lodz, Poland

[14] Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia

[15] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England

[16] Dowling Coll, Dept Biol, Oakdale, NY 11769 USA

[17] Senckenberg Res Inst, German Ctr Marine Biodivers Res DZMB, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany

[18] Univ Hamburg, Zool Museum Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany

[19] Zool Inst & Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany

[20] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Zool, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa

[21] Queensland Museum, Museum Trop Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia

[22] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia

[23] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA

[24] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung 20224, Taiwan

[25] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

[26] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA

[27] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia

[28] Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Sci Nat & Terr, I-07100 Sassari, Italy

[29] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Lab Syst Ecol & Resource Management, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[30] Vrije Univ Brussel, Plant Biol & Nat Management Res Grp, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[31] Queensland Museum, Ctr Biodivers, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia

[32] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA

[33] Univ Ghent, Phycol Res Grp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[34] Univ Oxford, Museum Nat Hist, Oxford OX1 3PW, England

[35] Nat Biodivers Ctr, Dept Marine Zool, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[36] Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Washington, DC 20059 USA

[37] BrachNet, F-13007 Marseille, France

[38] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden

[39] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

[40] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA

[41] Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA

[42] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England

[43] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol, Osaka 5600043, Japan

[44] Osaka Univ, Sch Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan

[45] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Zool, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain

[46] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA

[47] Univ Malaga, Dept Biol Anim, E-29071 Malaga, Spain

[48] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand

[49] Natl Univ Ireland, Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland

[50] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA

来源：

CURRENT BIOLOGY | 2012年 / 22卷 / 23期

关键词：

RICHNESS; FUTURE; BIODIVERSITY; TAXONOMY; RATES;

D O I：

10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are similar to 226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (similar to 20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are similar to 170,000 synonyms, that 58,000-72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000-741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 +/- 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century.

引用

页码：2189 / 2202

页数：14

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