Dynamin-dependent and dynamin-independent processes contribute to the regulation of single vesicle release kinetics and quantal size

Accumulating evidence suggests that the kinetics of release from single secretory vesicles can be regulated and that quantal size can be modified during fast kiss-and-run fusion. Multiple pathways for vesicle retrieval have been identified involving clathrin and dynamin. It has been unclear whether dynamin could participate in a fast kiss-and-run process to reclose a transient fusion pore and thereby limit vesicle release. We have disrupted dynamin function in adrenal chromaffin cells by expression of the amphiphysin Src-homology domain 3 (SH3) or by application of guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTPgammaS), and have monitored single vesicle release events, evoked by digitonin and Ca2+, by using carbon-fiber amperometry. Under both conditions, there was an increase in mean quantal size accompanying an increase in the half-width of amperometric spikes and a slowing of the fall time. These data suggest the existence of a dynamin-dependent process that can terminate vesicle release under basal conditions. Protein kinase C activation changed release kinetics and decreased quantal size by shortening the release period. The effects of phorbol ester treatment were not prevented by expression of the amphiphysin SH3 domain or by GTPgammaS suggesting the existence of alternative dynamin-independent process underlying fast kiss-and-run exocytosis.