Postdispersal predation of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seeds

被引:112
作者
Cardina, J
Norquay, HM
Stinner, BR
McCartney, DA
机构
关键词
seed predation; predators; arthropods; rodents; carabids; ABUTH; velvetleaf; Abutilon theophrasti Medicus ABUTH; corn; Zea mays L 'Dekalb 524';
D O I
10.1017/S0043174500094297
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
Studies were conducted from 1989 to 1993 in continuous no-tillage and moldboard plow corn fields to describe rates of velvetleaf seed predation with time and with seed density, and to identify principal seed predators. Rates of seed loss from the soil surface averaged 1 to 57% day(-1) and were equivalent in the two tillage systems. Predator populations were the same in no-tillage and moldboard plow fields. The predation rate was generally low in winter months, increased in mid-summer, and declined in late summer. In 2 of the 4 yr, predation increased in October and November. The predation rate was described by an exponential decay function of seed density, with high rates of seed loss at low densities and leveling off to a nearly constant level at densities above 600 seeds m(-2). Predation was highest where seed access was not restricted, and exclosures of 6.5 and 1.6 cm(2) reduced predation up to 15 and 52%, respectively. Mice were important predators in the field. In laboratory feeding studies, the carabid beetle Amara cupreolata, the slugs Arion subfuscus and Deroceras reticulatum, and cutworms (Agrotis ipsilon) consumed imbibed velvetleaf seeds. Amara cupreolata and A. subfuscus were the only predators to damage unimbibed velvetleaf seeds.
引用
收藏
页码:534 / 539
页数:6
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