Here we report two types of bovine prion protein (PrP) mRNA that possessed different lengths of the 5'-untranslated region and were expressed in various bovine tissues,The two mRNA species were transcribed from identical positions but differed in the usage of the splice site for exon 1/intron, One mRNA possessed exon 1 consisting of 53 nucleotides and the other possessed exon 1 consisting of 168 nucleotides. Usage of exons 2 and 3 was identical for the two mRNA species, The two mRNA species were detected in all but spleen tissue; the mRNA possessing 168-nt exon 1 was mot detected in bovine spleen, This is the first report on the tissue-specific alternative splicing of PrP mRNA in any other species, Only a low level of PrPc appeared to be present in bovine spleen, These results suggested the possibility that the mRNA possessing 53-nt exon 1 was inefficiently translated into Prp(c); however, in vitro translation analysis showed no marked difference in translational efficiency between the two mRNA species. (C) 1997 Academic Press.