Elements of Morphology: Standard Terminology for the Hands and Feet

被引:78
作者
Biesecker, Leslie G. [1 ]
Aase, Jon M. [2 ]
Clercuzio, Carol [2 ]
Gurrieri, Fiorella [3 ]
Temple, I. Karen [4 ]
Toriello, Helga [5 ]
机构
[1] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
[2] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
[3] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Inst Med Genet, Rome, Italy
[4] Univ Southampton, Wessex Clin Genet Acad Grp, Southampton, Hants, England
[5] Spectrum Hlth, Grand Rapids, MI USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
congenital abnormalities; terminology; anatomy; anthropometry; hands; feet; congenital limb deformities; nails; malformed nails; dermatoglyphics; FOOT;
D O I
10.1002/ajmg.a.32596
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human Phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among Patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we introduce the anatomy of the hands and feet and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of the hands and feet. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:93 / 127
页数:35
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