RETRACTED: A critical review of internal wave dynamics. Part 1-Remote sensing and in-situ observations (Retracted Article)

The most important problem related to internal wave observation is that it is difficult to obtain clear results with in-situ observations. There are many factors, including the topography, time, season, wind and temperature, which may affect the shape of the wave, perhaps even making it disappear or not leave strong evidence. This paper discusses the research on in-situ observations of such waves in oceans, estuaries and lakes. Over the past decades, researchers have observed this phenomenon and have carried out numerical experiments about these internal solitary waves. They have used high tech equipment and mathematical methods to detect and calculate the results of wave vibration and simulate the in-situ conditions seen during wave turbulence. We focus on the in-situ observation of such waves in oceans, estuaries and lakes, surveying scholarly work over the past few years from a wide variety of places including Europe, the United States, South Africa, Taiwan, the South China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Even now, with the rapid development of new technology for use in in-situ observations, there are still many elements of the behavior of such waves that remain to be solved.