Effect of filter, emitter and location on clogging when using effluents

The effect on emitter clogging of four filtration systems (sand, screen, disc and a combination of screen and disc filters) and six emitter types placed in laterals 87 m long, using two different effluents with low suspended solid levels from a wastewater treatment plant, was studied for 1000 h. Four of the emitters were molded and welded into dripline wall, two of them being pressure-compensated and the other two non-pressure-compensated. The other two emitters, both pressure-compensated, were inserted into thick wall. Emitter clogging was affected mainly by emitter type, location along the lateral and the interaction between these two factors. Differences among emitters with larger clogging were only observed at the end of dripline. Two molded and welded emitters showed the worst performance: one non-pressure-compensated with the lowest passage section, and the other pressure-compensated that, after 800 h working at higher dripline flow and particle load, experienced an important decrease in flow rate. only with the effluent that had a higher number of particles, did the filter and the interaction of filter and emitter location have a significant effect. Emitters placed after screen and sand filters showed the largest flow rates at the lateral ending, even though only sand filtration significantly reduced turbidity and suspended solids. Emitters protected by a disc filter experienced the largest flow rate reductions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.