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Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Using Dense and Aligned TiO2 Nanorod Arrays
被引:370
作者:
Wolcott, Abraham
[1
]
Smith, Wilson A.
[2
]
Kuykendall, Tevye R.
[3
]
Zhao, Yiping
[2
]
Zhang, Jin Z.
[1
]
机构:
[1] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
[2] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA
[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
来源:
关键词:
1D nanomaterials;
hydrogen production;
nanorods;
oblique-angle deposition;
photoelectrochemical cells;
HYDROGEN GENERATION;
TITANIUM-DIOXIDE;
NANOTUBE ARRAYS;
SOLAR-ENERGY;
NANOWIRES;
FILMS;
ELECTRODES;
EFFICIENCY;
GROWTH;
ZNO;
D O I:
10.1002/smll.200800902
中图分类号:
O6 [化学];
学科分类号:
0703 ;
摘要:
Dense and aligned TiO2 nanorod arrays are fabricated using oblique-angle deposition on indium tin oxide (ITO) conducting substrates. The TiO2 nanorods are measured to be 800-1100 nm in length and 45-400 nm in width with an anatase crystal phase. Coverage of the ITO is extremely high with 25 x 10(6) mm(-2) of the TiO2 nanorods. The first use of these dense TiO2 nanorod arrays as working electrodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells used for the generation of hydrogen by water splitting is demonstrated. A number of experimental techniques including UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemistry are used to characterize their structural, optical, and electronic properties. Both UV/Vis and incident-photon-to-current-efficiency measurements show their photoresponse in the visible is limited but with a marked increase around approximate to 400 nm. Mott-Schottky measurements give a flat-band potential (V-FB) of +0.20 V, a carrier density of 4.5 x 10(17) cm(-3), and a space-charge layer of 99 nm. Overall water splitting is observed with an applied overpotential at 1.0 V (versus Ag/AgCl) with a photo-to-hydrogen efficiency of 0.1%. The results suggest that these dense and aligned one-dimensional TiO2 nanostructures are promising for hydrogen generation from water splitting based on PEC cells.
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页码:104 / 111
页数:8
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