Aneurysmal hypertension and its relationship to sac thrombus: A semi-qualitative analysis by experimental fluid mechanics

Objectives. To ascertain the effect of aneurysm thrombus and luminal diameter on arterial blood pressure within the abdominal aortic aneurysm lumen and at the sac wall. Methods. A life-like abdominal aortic aneurysm was incorporated in a pulsatile flow unit, using systemic blood pressure settings of 140/100 mmHg and 130/90 mmHg (denoted the high and low settings, respectively). Aneurysm sac pressure was measured in the absence of thrombus within the sac. This was repeated after a thrombus analogue (gelatine) was introduced into the aneurysm model in an asymmetric fashion. Luminal and sac wall pressures were compared to the systemic pressure, and to each other, in both blood pressure settings, Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA in Minitab 13. Results. In the empty sac, the luminal and sac wall pressures were identical to the systemic pressures at the high and low settings. After introduction of thrombus, pressure was transmitted in a monophasic pulsatile fashion, measuring 166/142/151 mmHg (SP/DP/MP) at the sac wall, while the corresponding intraluminal pressure was 164/136/145 mmHg (p < 0.001, high setting). By contrast, in the low setting, these readings were 157/133/141 (sac wall) and 160/128/138 mmHg (lumen; p < 0.001). The sac wall pressures were significantly higher than the luminal pressures for both high and low settings (p < 0.001). Conclusions. Thrombus has a significant effect on the intraaneurysmal lumen itself and causes localised hypertension with high intraluminal pressures. The differences between the sac wall/luminal pressures may affect regional aneurysm wall biomechanics, but needs further study.