One-Pot Facile Synthesis of Ant-Cave-Structured Metal Oxide-Carbon Microballs by Continuous Process for Use as Anode Materials in Li-Ion Batteries

This paper introduces a facile one-pot method for synthesizing a new structured material, named "ant-cave microball", by continuous ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The ant-cave-structured microballs are prepared from a colloidal spray solution with polystyrene nanobeads and sucrose. Networking between the nanovoids formed by decomposition of the polystyrene nanobeads results in the formation of nanochannels. The electrochemical properties of these ant-cave-structured MoO3-C microballs, prepared as the first target material for lithium ion batteries, are investigated. The nanochannels are uniformly distributed inside the microballs with MoO3 and carbon components uniformly distributed within the microballs. Further, the microballs have initial discharge and charge capacities of 1212 and 841 mA h g(-1), respectively, at a current density of 2 A g(-1), and the initial discharge and charge capacities based on the weight of MoO3 (disregarding carbon component) are as high as 1814 and 1259 mA h g(-1). The microballs deliver a high discharge capacity of 733 mA h g(-1) even after 300 cycles. This is although microsized MoO3 powders with a filled structure have discharge capacities of 1256 and 345 mA h g(-1) for the first and 300th cycles, respectively.