The association of diet and thrombotic risk factors in healthy male vegetarians and meat-eaters

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess thrombosis tendency in subjects who were habitual meat-eaters compared with those who were habitual vegetarians. Design: Cross-sectional comparision of habitual meat-eaters and habitual vegetarians. Setting: Free living subjects. Subjects: One hundred and thirty-nine healthy male subjects (vegans n = 18, ovolacto vegetarians n = 43, moderate-meat-eaters n = 60 and high-meal-eaters n = 18) aged 20-55 y who were recruited in Melbourne. Outcome measures: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. The parameters of thrombosis were measured by standard methods. Results: Saturated fat and cholesterol intakes were significantly higher and polyunsaturated far (PUFA) was significantly lower in the meat-eaters compared with vegetarians. In the meat-eaters, the platelet phospholipids AA levels were significantly higher than in the vegetarians, but there was no increase in ex vivo platelet aggregation and plasma 11-dehydro thromboxane B-2 levels. Vegetarians, especially the vegans, had a significantly increased mean collagen and ADP stimulated es vivo whole blood platelet aggregation compared with meat-eaters. The vegan group had a significantly higher mean platelet volume than the other three dietary groups. However, meat-eaters had a significantly higher cluster of cardiovascular risk factors compared with vegetarians, including increased body mass index, waist to hip ratio, plasma total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol and LDL-C levels, ratio of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C and plasma factor VII activity. Conclusions: Consumption of meat is not associated with an increased platelet aggregation compared with vegetarian subjects.