Late increase of serum S100 β protein levels in hamsters after oral or intraperitoneal infection with scrapie

Following recent reports of elevated serum S100 beta protein (S100 beta) levels in patients with genetic and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in rodents parenterally infected with scrapie, the suitability of serum S100 beta as a preclinical marker for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies was assessed in time-course studies. Syrian hamsters were orally and intraperitoneally challenged with scrapie and assayed for serum S100 beta levels at various times after infection. Although elevated serum S100 beta levels were consistently observed in terminally ill animals for both routes of infection, the experiments failed to detect significantly increased S100 beta serum concentrations prior to the manifestation of clinical symptoms. Thus, in this animal model, serum S100 beta does not appear to be an appropriate marker for the preclinical detection of scrapie, but it may provide a convenient laboratory aid for the diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in naturally or accidentally infected animals and humans.