Misinformation, Disinformation, and Violent Conflict From Iraq and the "War on Terror" to Future Threats to Peace

被引:100
作者
Lewandowsky, Stephan [1 ,2 ]
Stritzke, Werner G. K. [1 ]
Freund, Alexandra M. [3 ]
Oberauer, Klaus [1 ,3 ]
Krueger, Joachim I. [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Western Australia, Sch Psychol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
[2] Univ Bristol, Sch Expt Psychol, Bristol BS8 1TU, Avon, England
[3] Univ Zurich, Dept Psychol, Zurich, Switzerland
[4] Brown Univ, Dept Cognit Linguist & Psychol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA
关键词
misinformation; war on terror" climate change; debiasing; CONSERVATIVE THINK TANKS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINUED INFLUENCE; MEDIA; PSYCHOLOGY; SCIENCE; VARIABILITY; SKEPTICISM; POLICY; WORLD;
D O I
10.1037/a0034515
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
010107 [宗教学];
摘要
The dissemination and control of information are indispensable ingredients of violent conflict, with all parties involved in a conflict or at war seeking to frame the discussion on their own terms. Those attempts at information control often involve the dissemination of misinformation or disinformation (i.e., information that is incorrect by accident or intent, respectively). We review the way in which misinformation can facilitate violent conflicts and, conversely, how the successful refutation of misinformation can contribute to peace. We illustrate the relevant cognitive principles by examining two case studies. The first, a retrospective case, involves the Iraq War of 2003 and the "War on Terror." The second, a prospective case, points to likely future sources of conflict arising from climate change and its likely consequences.
引用
收藏
页码:487 / 501
页数:15
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