Cellulose is a renewable, biodegradable, and one of the oldest natural polymers. New directions in cellulose research are being seen with regards to the fields of analytical problems and the routes of reactions, completely new products development, and mass products. The potential of cellulose as a versatile, renewable natural products is by no means exhausted. It is very likely that it will be the main chemical resource of the future, which will still be available when other substances become increasingly scarce due to exhausted reserves or environmental difficulties.