Impact of ripening on manganese-doped ZnSe nanocrystals

We examine the impact of growth kinetics on the incorporation of Mn dopants into ZnSe nanocrystals. We synthesize such particles, also known as colloidal quantum dots, and use optical spectroscopy to extract information about the average number of Mn impurities per nanocrystal as the reaction proceeds. We find that this number increases with particle growth until the Zn and/or Se precursors are depleted in the reaction solution. It the reaction is continued further, then ripening of the colloid begins and the average number of Mn per nanocrystal decreases, even as the particles slowly increase In size. We show that this effect, which is detrimental for enhanced doping, can be avoided if the reactant concentration is maintained by addition of more reactants. We consider several explanations and conclude that intraparticle ripening, in which material is redistributed on the same nanocrystal due to evolution of the particle shape, is the most consistent with experimental observations.