Antipneumococcal activities of cefpirome and cefotaxime, alone and in combination with vancomycin and teicoplanin, determined by checkerboard and time-kill methods

The checkerboard titration method was used to test the synergy of cefpirome and cefotaxime with teicoplanin or vancomycin against 35 penicillin-susceptible, 34 penicillin-intermediate, and 31 penicillin-resistant pneumococci, The MICs at which 50 and 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC(50)s and MIC(50)s, respectively) of both cefpirome and cefotaxime were 0.016 and 0.06 mu g/ml, respectively, for penicillin-susceptible strains and 0.125 and 0.5 mu g/ml, respectively, for penicillin-intermediate strains. The MIC(50)s,s and MIC(50)s of cefotaxime for penicillin-resistant strains were 1.0 and 2.0 mu g/ml, respectively, and those of cefpirome were 0.5 and 1.0 mu g/ml, respectively, All pneumococci were inhibited by cefpirome at MICs of less than or equal to 1.0 mu g/ml. The MIC(50)s and MIC(50)s of vancomycin and teicoplanin (0.25 and 0.25 mu g/ml and 0.03 and 0.03 mu g/ml, respectively) did not differ for the three groups. Checkerboard synergy studies showed that cefpirome and vancomycin showed synergy for 31 strains (fractional inhibitory concentration [FIC] indices, less than or equal to-0.5) cefpirome and teicoplanin showed synergy for 18 strains, cefotaxime and vancomycin showed synergy for 51 strains, and cefotaxime and teicoplanin showed synergy for 27 strains, Cefpirome and vancomycin had FIC indices indicating indifference (2.0) for two strains, and cefotaxime and vancomycin had FIC indices indicating indifference for one strain, All other FIC indices indicating indifference or additivity were >0.5 to 1.0, No FIC indices indicating antagonism (>4.0) were found, Synergy between 8-lactams and glycopeptides for three susceptible, three intermediate, and three resistant strains were tested by the time-kill assay, and all combinations were synergistic by this method, Synergy between cephalosporins and glycopeptides can be demonstrated and may be useful for the treatment of pneumococcal infections, especially meningitis.