Inhibition of intestinal epithelial apoptosis and survival in a murine model of pneumonia-induced sepsis

Context Increased intestinal epithelial apoptosis is present in both human autopsy studies and animal models of sepsis. Whether altering gut apoptosis decreases mortality in sepsis induced by pathogenic bacteria outside the gut is unknown. Objective To determine if decreasing levels of intestinal cell death improves survival in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia-induced sepsis. Design and Materials Prospective study in which transgenic mice that overexpress the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in their intestinal epithelium (n=25) and control littermates (n=26) were subjected to intratracheal injection of P aeruginosa. Main Outcome Measures Survival at:7 postoperative days, compared between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes included quantification of gut epithelial apoptosis. Results Survival in transgenic mice that overexpress Bcl-2 in the intestinal epithelium was 40% (10/25) compared with 4% (1/26) in control littermates 7 days after intratracheal injection of P aeruginosa (P=.001), with differences in survival noted within 24 hours of surgery. Overexpression of Bcl-2 was associated with a decrease in gut epithelial apoptosis demonstrated by active caspase 3 staining, the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Conclusions In this murine model, inhibiting gut epithelial apoptosis by overexpression of Bcl-2 was associated with a survival advantage in P aeruginosa pneumonia-induced sepsis. These results suggest that intestinal epithelial apoptosis may play a role in sepsis-related mortality.