Simulating a quantum magnet with trapped ions

To gain deeper insight into the dynamics of complex quantum systems we need a quantum leap in computer simulations. We cannot translate quantum behaviour arising from superposition states or entanglement efficiently into the classical language of conventional computers. The solution to this problem, proposed in 1982 (ref. 1), is simulating the quantum behaviour of interest in a different quantum system where the interactions can be controlled and the outcome detected sufficiently well. Here we study the building blocks for simulating quantum spin Hamiltonians with trapped ions(2). We experimentally simulate the adiabatic evolution of the smallest non-trivial spin system from paramagnetic into ferromagnetic order with a quantum magnetization for two spins of 98%. We prove that the transition is not driven by thermal fluctuations but is of quantum-mechanical origin ( analogous to quantum fluctuations in quantum phase transitions(3)). We observe a final superposition state of the two degenerate spin configurations for the ferromagnetic order (vertical bar up arrow up arrow + vertical bar down arrow down arrow), corresponding to deterministic entanglement achieved with 88% fidelity. This method should allow for scaling to a higher number of coupled spins(2), enabling implementation of simulations that are intractable on conventional computers.