Diaphorase activity in sebaceous glands and related structures of the male red deer

The localisation of diaphorase was visualised by light microscopy using the dye nitro blue tetrazolium and NADPH as substrates. Under appropriate conditions, diaphorase reduces this dye to a dark blue insoluble formazan. The enzyme was located at very low activity in many tissues and glandular structures of the deer, but at very much higher activity in sebaceous glands in the dermal velvet of the antler and skin, and in additional sebaceous gland-related structures in the ear canal, prepuce and tail (scent) gland. Within sebaceous glands, activity was greatest in the outermost layers of the acini, but decreased as the cells progressed and differentiated centripetally. There was little or no difference between the staining observed when NADH was used as a substrate, compared to NADPH. There was generalised staining (usually light) for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. However, this staining was not specifically localised to sebaceous glands and related structures, showing that the observed activity in these structures was due to a diaphorase that was distinct from any of the dehydrogenase activities tested. The possible role of diaphorase in sebaceous development and secretion is discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.