Theoretical models of health behavior and workplace self-protective behavior

This paper provides a critical review of the applicability of theoretical models of health behavior to workplace self-protective behavior. Value-expectancy, environmental/contextual, and behavior change models are reviewed. On this basis, an integrative framework is proposed that conceptualizes self-protective behavior as consisting of four stages or phases: hazard appraisal, decision making, initiation, and adherence. In addition, five general constructs are identified as being of either primary or secondary importance at each stage: threat-related beliefs, response efficacy, self-efficacy, facilitating conditions, and safety climate. The proposed framework highlights the need to target interventions to each of the four stages. Particular emphasis is also assigned to environmental or situational factors in enabling and reinforcing self;protective behavior in the workplace.