War in the world of lichens: parasitism and symbiosis as exemplified by lichens and lichenicolous fungi

被引:62
作者
Richardson, DHS [1 ]
机构
[1] St Marys Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
来源
MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH | 1999年 / 103卷
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
D O I
10.1017/S0953756298008259
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Lichens are typically formed by the association of two partners. The fungus (mycobiont) usually comprises most of the lichen, while the photosynthetic algal or cyanobacterial partner is referred to as the photobiont. Many lichens contain more than one photobiont and other associates, the lichenicolous fungi, may also be involved. The spectrum of interactions is fascinating and ranges from mutualism, through commensalism, to situations where one, or sometimes more, of the associates is doomed by the antagonistic activities of an invading fungus. Furthermore, these interactions are dynamic over time. Many mycologists assume that once a lichen ascospore has contacted a suitable photobiont, or once a dual propagule such as a soredium, isidium or lichen fragment has landed on an appropriate surface, a lichen thallus will develop. Accepted dogma is that the thallus will grow to form a mature lichen surviving for tens, if not hundreds or even thousands of years. These are over-simplifications in fact there is war in the world of lichens. Following a brief consideration of parasitism and other forms of symbiosis, this war will be illustrated under the headings of algal slaves, exploiters of two kingdoms, alien invaders, cosy niche seekers and take-over specialists. It is hoped that this review will encourage mycologists to study these interactions which, as yet, remain largely unexplored.
引用
收藏
页码:641 / 650
页数:10
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