Fenoterol but not dobutamine increases erythropoietin production in humans

Objective: This study assessed the role of adrenergic signal transmission in the control of renal erythropoietin (EPO) production in humans. Methods: Forty-six healthy male volunteers underwent a hemorrhage of 750 ml. After phlebotomy, they received (intravenously for 6 hours in a parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled and single-blind design) either placebo (0.9% sodium chloride), or the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist fenoterol (1.5 mu g/min), or the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor agonist dobutamine (5 mu g/kg/min), or the nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (loading dose of 0.14 mg/kg over 20 minutes, followed by 0.63 mu g/kg/min). Results: The AUC(EPO(0-48 hr)fenoterol) was 37% higher (p < 0.03) than AUC(EPO(0-48 hr)placebo), whereas AUC(EPO(0-48 hr)dobutamine) and AUC(EPO(0-48 hr)propranolol) were comparable with placebo. Creatinine clearance was significantly increased during dobutamine treatment. Urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate excretion was increased only by fenoterol treatment, whereas serum potassium levels were decreased. Plasma renin activity was significantly increased during dobutamine and fenoterol infusion. Conclusions: This study shows in a model of controlled, physiologic stimulation of renal erythropoietin production that the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist fenoterol but not the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor agonist dobutamine is able to increase erythropoietin levels in humans. The result can be interpreted as a hint that signals for the control of erythropoietin production may be mediated by beta(2)-adrenergic receptors rather than by beta(1)-adrenergic receptors. It appears to be unlikely that an increase of renin concentrations or glomerular filtration rate is causally linked to the control of erythropoietin production in this experimental setting.