Influence of 17β-oestradiol on blood pressure of postmenopausal women at high vascular risk

Objectives It remains an unsolved issue whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) lowers blood pressure. This randomized trial examined the effect of 17 beta -oestradiol combined cyclically with gestodene on blood pressure of postmenopausal women who were not on antihypertensive medication. All subjects had an increased risk for adverse vascular events as indicated by intima-media thickness of carotid arteries and standard risk factors. Design and setting Two hundred and twenty-six postmenopausal women were randomized to oral treatment for 48 weeks with 1 mg of 17 beta -oestradiol per day continuously, plus 0.025 mg gestodene on days 17-28 of each 4-week cycle (HRT 1), or plus gestodene in each third cycle only (HRT 2), or no HRT. According to predefined criteria, four subjects in HRT 1, 12 in HRT 2 and 13 in no HRT who were started on antihypertensive medication were excluded from the analysis. Thirty subjects ended participation prematurely for other reasons. Resting blood pressure was measured at baseline and after 12, 22 and 48 weeks. Results During treatment diastolic blood pressure changed significantly in both HRT groups compared to no HRT, by -3.7 +/- 9.8 mmHg, -3.0 +/- 8.8 mmHg and 1.0 +/- 9.9 mmHg at week 48 in groups HRT 2, HRT 1 and no HRT, respectively (P = 0.008 for HRT 2 versus no HRT, P = 0.027 for HRT 1 versus no HRT). The higher the diastolic blood pressure was at beginning the greater was the decrease. The decrease of systolic blood pressure was not significantly different between groups. Conclusions For postmenopausal women with high cardiovascular risk but without anti hypertensive medication, long-term treatment with 17 beta -oestradiol combined with gestodene lowers diastolic blood pressure. J Hypertens 19:2135-2142 (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.