Specificity of peripheral nerve regeneration: Interactions at the axon level

被引:316
作者
Allodi, Ilary
Udina, Esther
Navarro, Xavier
机构
[1] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Neurosci, Grp Neuroplast & Regenerat, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
[2] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Cell Biol Physiol & Immunol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
[3] Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerat, Barcelona, Spain
关键词
Axonal regeneration; Peripheral nerve; Schwann cell; Neurotrophic factors; Extracellular matrix; Motor neuron; Sensory neuron; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; DORSAL-ROOT GANGLION; RAT SCIATIC-NERVE; LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; PRIMARY SENSORY NEURONS; GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; MYELIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN; CHONDROITIN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN; PREFERENTIAL MOTOR REINNERVATION;
D O I
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.005
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Peripheral nerves injuries result in paralysis, anesthesia and lack of autonomic control of the affected body areas. After injury, axons distal to the lesion are disconnected from the neuronal body and degenerate, leading to denervation of the peripheral organs. Wallerian degeneration creates a microenvironment distal to the injury site that supports axonal regrowth, while the neuron body changes in phenotype to promote axonal regeneration. The significance of axonal regeneration is to replace the degenerated distal nerve segment, and achieve reinnervation of target organs and restitution of their functions. However, axonal regeneration does not always allows for adequate functional recovery, so that after a peripheral nerve injury, patients do not recover normal motor control and fine sensibility. The lack of specificity of nerve regeneration, in terms of motor and sensory axons regrowth, pathfinding and target reinnervation, is one the main shortcomings for recovery. Key factors for successful axonal regeneration include the intrinsic changes that neurons suffer to switch their transmitter state to a pro-regenerative state and the environment that the axons find distal to the lesion site. The molecular mechanisms implicated in axonal regeneration and pathfinding after injury are complex, and take into account the cross-talk between axons and glial cells, neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors. The aim of this review is to look at those interactions, trying to understand if some of these molecular factors are specific for motor and sensory neuron growth, and provide the basic knowledge for potential strategies to enhance and guide axonal regeneration and reinnervation of adequate target organs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:16 / 37
页数:22
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