Hydroprocessing of heavy petroleum feeds: Tutorial

The heavy petroleum feeds containing high molecular weight hydrocarbons and metals, predominantly in the form of porphyrines are studied. Most of the V deposits on the external surface of catalyst particles, whereas Ni is more evenly distributed during hydroprocessing. Ebulated bed reactors are used for hydroprocessing of heavy feeds containing more than 100 ppm of metals. Metal carbides and nitrides are unsuitable for hydroprocessing, as their intrinsic activity make them unsuitable for hydroprocessing.