Manganese distribution in the brain and neurobehavioral changes following inhalation exposure of rats to three chemical forms of manganese

The central nervous system is an important target for manganese (Mn) intoxication in humans; it may cause neurological symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease. Manganese compounds emitted from the tailpipe of vehicles using methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) are primarily Mn phosphate, Mn sulfate, and Mn phosphate/ sulfate mixture. The purpose of this study is to compare the patterns of Mn distribution in various brain regions (olfactory bulb, frontal parietal cortex, globus pallidus, striatum and cerebellum) and other tissues (lung, liver kidney, testis) and the neurobehavioral damage following inhalation exposure of rats to three Mn species. Rats (n = 15 rats per Mn species) were exposed 6 h per day, 5 days per week for 13 consecutive weeks to metallic Mn, Mn phosphate or Mn phosphate/ sulfate mixture at about 3000 mug m(-3) and compared to controls. At the end of the exposure period, spontaneous motor activity was measured for 36 h using a computerized autotrack system. Mn in tissues was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The Mn concentrations in the brain were significantly higher in rats exposed to Mn phosphate and Mn phosphate/sulfate mixture than in control rats or rats exposed to metallic Mn. Exposure to Mn phosphate/sulfate mixture caused a decrease in the total ambulatory count related to locomotor activity. Our results confirm that Mn species and solubility have an influence on the brain distribution of Mn in rats. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.