Multiple sclerosis - Side effects of interferon beta therapy and their management

Interferon beta (IFN beta) reduces the relapse rate, disease activity as measured by serial MRI scanning, and disease progression of MS. Therapy with IFN beta may be associated with a number of adverse reactions. Relatively frequent side effects include flu-like symptoms, transient laboratory abnormalities, menstrual disorders, and increased spasticity. Dermal injection site reactions occur after subcutaneous application of IFN beta-1 beta and IFN beta-1a. Possible side effects of IFN beta include various autoimmune reactions, capillary leak syndrome, anaphylactic shock, thrombotic-thrombocytopenic purpura, insomnia, headache, alopecia, and depression. We discuss the mechanisms and management of the different side effects of IFN beta.