Histological characteristics of tumor in vessels and lymph nodes are significant predictors of progression of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: A prospective study

Invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of the breast are composed of primary invasive tumors as well as tumor cells in blood vessels and lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the histological characteristics of tumor in the vessels and nodes are significantly associated with outcome. In a series of 393 patients, multivariate analyses showed that in IDCs without nodal metastasis and with fibrotic focus dimension, lymph vessel tumor emboli with > 6 apoptotic figures and those invading > 3 mm from the tumor margin had significantly higher hazard rates (HRs) for recurrence (P < 0.05). In IDCs with 1 to 3 nodal metastases, > 2 apoptotic figures in tumor emboli in blood vessels and > 5 invaded lymph vessels were associated with significantly higher HRs for tumor recurrence and death (P < 0.005). In IDCs with 4 or more nodal metastases, nodal tumors with > 5 mitotic figures and > 5 nodes with extranodal extension were associated with significantly higher HRs for tumor recurrence or death (P < 0.05). We conclude that several histological characteristics of tumors in vessels and nodes have significant implications for the progression of IDCs.